In Episode 51, Alex Proimos speaks with Antonella Puca, senior director at Alvarez & Marsal Valuation Services, and author of Early Stage Valuation: A Fair Value Perspective. This episode discusses the role of the income, asset-based and market approaches for listed and unlisted companies in the current environment of elevated valuations, specific considerations for real assets and infrastructure, and the importance of reviewing subscription lines of credit and exit timing when assessing private equity performance.